Definition
a group of words consisting of a subject (often just a single noun) and a predicate (sometimes just a single verb)
can stand alone as a grammatically viable simple sentence
multiple independent clauses can be joined (usually with a comma and a coordinate conjunction) to form a compound sentence
Examples
I am a bus driver. (simple sentence)
I want to be an astronaut. (simple sentence)
I am a bus driver, but I want to be an astronaut. (compound sentence)