- A conjunctive adverb:
- shows the relationship
between, and joins together, two
sentences or
clauses
- shows cause and effect,
sequence, contrast, comparison, or other relationships
- Use a
semicolon to join two
independent clauses
- I want to sleep; however, I
need to study.
- Use a
comma following the conjunctive adverb when it
appears at the beginning of the second
clause
- The exam was very difficult;
consequently, the students received only average
grades.
- A conjunctive adverb used at the beginning
of a
sentence uses a
comma to set it off, with a
period taking the place of a
semicolon
- The date was over. Therefore,
I went home.
- A conjunctive adverb placed within a
clause uses
commas to set it off
- The date is over. I will, therefore,
go home.
- Like other
adverbs, conjunctive adverbs may move around in the
clause (or
sentence) in which they appear. When they appear at the
end of the
clause, they are preceded by a
comma. If they appear in the middle of the
clause, they are normally enclosed in
commas, though this rule is not absolute and is
not always applied to very short
clauses.
-
Learn the
adverb spelling rules
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- The exam was very difficult;
consequently, the students received only average
grades.
- There was practically no food in the refrigerator;
therefore, we had to go shopping.
- Brent enjoys video games; thus,
he is in good company.
- He went to the store; however,
he did not buy anything.
- The following words are conjunctive adverbs
- accordingly, also, anyhow, anyway, again, besides,
certainly, consequently, contrarily, finally, further,
furthermore, elsewhere, hence, henceforth, however, in contrast,
incidentally, indeed, instead, likewise, meanwhile, moreover,
namely, nevertheless, next, nonetheless, now, otherwise,
similarly, so*, subsequently, still, that is, then, thereafter,
therefore, thus, undoubtedly
- * so is a conjunctive adverb, when its
meaning is therefore; otherwise, it can be either a
coordinate conjunction or a
subordinate conjunction
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