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Wish You Knew Better Grammar? |
For VOA Learning English, this is Everyday Grammar.
In English, wish is a powerful word for expressing your
dreams, hopes and desires. Here are some examples:
We wish you the best.
Her mother wishes they would get married.
I wish I had brought my camera.
I wish to speak to the president.
You will often hear wish in music, movie dialog, poetry
and inspirational speeches. Let’s take a look at some of
the tricky grammar issues with wish.
A wish is a desire for a different reality. In general,
wishes express desires that are unlikely to happen. If
you say, “I wish I could fly,” it means you probably
will not grow wings and learn to fly.
A Unique Verb
Wish follows a unique -- and rather confusing -- set of
grammar rules. Wish uses the same verb back shifting
rule as reported speech. |
| present simple |
→ |
past simple |
| present progressive |
→ |
past progressive |
| past simple |
→ |
past perfect |
| present perfect |
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Verb back shifting
A wish about the present uses a simple past main verb.
He wishes he understood the lesson.
In this example, understood is a simple past verb.
Wish is often followed by that. That introduces a noun
clause. It is optional. For example:
I wish that I looked like a movie star.
I wish I looked like a movie star.
Both of these sentences have the same meaning.
In hypothetical situations, such as wishes and
conditionals, use were for all pronouns.
I wish you were here.
I wish she were here.
I wish I were there.
In everyday conversation, you might hear was after wish.
For example, “I wish I was the president.” Was is
acceptable in informal situations, but you should use
were in formal situations. This confusing rule comes to
English through Latin.
Future wishes
Wish followed by would usually implies a request. For
example:
I wish you would finish college before you get married.
Wish can be used after be going to or will to predict a
future regret. Maybe you have heard your parents say
something like this:
Someday, you are going to wish you had taken my advice.
When you are older, you will wish that you had studied
engineering.
Past wishes
Let’s take a closer look at past wishes. Generally, a
past wish is a wish that did not come true. To refer to
a past wish, use a past perfect verb after the object.
To form the past perfect, use had followed by a past
participle verb.
She wishes she had written down the phone number.
I wish I had known that you were in town last week.
Listen to country singer Gene Autry make a past wish in
an old song called “I Wish I Had Never Met Sunshine.” In
this song, Sunshine is the name of a lost lover.
I wish I had never met Sunshine,
and Sunshine had never met me
For 21 years I'll regret it
'Cause I'm in the jailhouse, you see
Most of the time, a wish about the past suggests regret.
The speaker would have acted differently if he or she
could turn back time. A past wish has a similar
grammatical function to a past unreal conditional.
Listen to this song by Taylor Swift. You will hear three
different uses of wish. She starts with a future wish,
then shifts to the past, then to the present.
I wish you would come back (future)
(I) wish I (had) never hung up the phone like I did (past)
I wish you knew that I'll never forget you as long as I live.
(present)
I wish you were right here, right now it’s all good (present)
Wish + infinitive
Wish followed by an infinitive makes a strong demand.
For example:
I wish to speak to the manager.
I wish to learn the truth about what happened.
Wish can be followed by an infinitive, but never by a
gerund. For example, it would sound strange to say, “I
wish going skiing.” The correct form is, “I wish to go
skiing.”
Hope vs. Wish
What’s the difference between hope and wish? In some
contexts they can be interchangeable. Hope usually
expresses desire that is possible. Wish, on the other
hand, refers to an outcome that is not likely to happen.
Pay attention to the different contexts of hope and wish
in these examples.
I hope you pass the test. (possible)
I wish I could fly. (impossible)
I hope I get to work on time. (possible)
I wish I were a millionaire. (not likely)
If wish is “reaching for the stars,” then hope is
“reaching for the sky.”
And that’s Everyday Grammar. We hope you will write to
us in the Comments and on our Facebook page.
I’m John Russell.
And I’m Ashley Thompson.
[Pink Floyd]
How I wish, how I wish you were here
We’re just two lost souls…
Adam Brock wrote this story for VOA Learning English.
Dr. Jill Robbins and Kathleen Struck were the editors. |
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