• Quotation marks look like this:

' ' or ‘ ’ or " " or “ ”

• Quotation marks are:
• also called quotes or inverted commas
• used to set off speech, a quotation, or a phrase 
• An opening quotation mark should appear at the beginning of each paragraph of the quoted text and a closing quotation mark at the end
• The general convention is for sentence punctuation to be included inside the quotation marks, even if the punctuation is not part of the quoted sentence
• Another common use of quotation marks is to indicate or call attention to ironic or apologetic words:
• He shared his "wisdom" with me.
• The lunch lady plopped a glob of "food" onto my tray.

• Standard usage:
• “Good morning, Dave,” said HAL.
• For speech within speech:
• HAL said, "Good morning, Dave,” said Frank.
• Note: do not use quotation marks for paraphrased speech
• Correct: HAL said that everything was going extremely well.
• Incorrect: HAL said that “Everything was going extremely well.”
• Titles of artistic works - quotation marks, rather than italics, are generally used for the titles of shorter works:
• short fiction, poetry, etc.: Arthur C. Clarke’s “The Sentinel”
• book chapters: The first chapter of 3001: The Final Odyssey is “Comet Cowboy”
• articles in books, magazines, journals, etc.: “Extra-Terrestrial Relays,” Wireless World, October 1945
• album tracks, singles, etc.: Globe’s “Fade into”