- Plural nouns formed by adding an "s" to the
singular form of the
noun
- boy-boys, girl-girls, cat-cats,
table-tables, book-books,
tree-trees, auto-autos,
photo-photos, radio-radios,
studio-studios
- Plural nouns formed by adding an "es" to the
singular form of
nouns ending in "ch", "s", "sh", "x"
- glass-glasses, dish-dishes,
ditch-ditches, wish-wishes,
coach-coaches, kiss-kisses,
tax-taxes
- Plural nouns formed by adding an "es" to the
singular form of
nouns ending in "o" and preceded by a
consonant
- hero-heroes, tornado-tornados-tornadoes
(can end in either "s" or "es"), potato-potatoes,
tomato-tomatoes
- Note:
nouns of Italian or Spanish origin are exceptions to
this rule
- ie: canto-cantos,
grotto-grottos, piano-pianos,
portico-porticos, quarto-quartos,
solo-solos
- Plural nouns formed by changing the "f" into a "v" and adding
"es"
- half-halves, leaf-leaves,
calf-calves
- Note: some just add an "s"
- ie: proof-proofs, muff-muffs
- Note: some can do either
- ie: dwarf-dwarfs-dwarves,
hoof-hoofs-hooves,
staff-staffs-staves
- Plural nouns formed by dropping the "y" and adding "ies" of
nouns ending in "y" and preceded by a
consonant
- cherry-cherries, lady-ladies,
story-stories, party-parties
- Plural nouns formed by simply changing the
vowel sound of the
singular form
- foot-feet, goose-geese,
louse-lice, man-men,
mouse-mice, tooth-teeth,
woman-women, mouse-mice
- Plural nouns where the
singular and plural forms are different
- child-children, ox-oxen,
person-people
- Plural nouns where the
singular and plural forms are the same
-
cod, series, trout,
deer, fish, moose,
offspring, series,
sheep, species
- Plural nouns that have no
singular form
-
annals, billiards,
cattle, clothes, measles,
nuptials, thanks,
tidings, belongings,
brains (intellect), clothes,
congratulations, earnings,
eyeglasses, goods,
groceries, jeans, looks
(appearance), manners (social behavior),
pajamas, pants,
scissors, shorts,
sunglasses, surroundings,
tropics, trousers
- Plural nouns that consist of two parts and have no
singular form but are considered to be one unit
-
scissors, trousers,
tweezers, pants
- Plural nouns where the plural form is retained such as
nouns from foreign languages
- analysis-analyses, appendix-appendices,
bacterium-bacteria, basis-bases,
crisis-crises, criterion-criteria,
curriculum-curricula, datum-data,
formula-formulae, hypothesis-hypotheses,
medium-media, memorandum-memoranda,
parenthesis-parentheses, phenomenon-phenomena,
syllabus-syllabi, thesis-theses
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