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Six Differences Between British
and American English |
For VOA Learning English, this is Everyday Grammar.
There is an old saying that America and Britain are “two
nations divided by a common language.”
No one knows exactly who said this, but it reflects the
way many Brits feel about American English. My British
friend still tells me, “You don’t speak English. You
speak American.”
But are American and British English really so
different?
Vocabulary
The most noticeable difference between American and
British English is vocabulary. There are hundreds of
everyday words that are different. For example, Brits
call the front of a car the bonnet, while Americans call
it the hood.
Americans go on vacation, while Brits go on holidays, or
hols.
New Yorkers live in apartments; Londoners live in flats.
There are far more examples than we can talk about here.
Fortunately, most Americans and Brits can usually guess
the meaning through the context of a sentence.
Collective nouns
There are a few grammatical differences between the two
varieties of English. Let’s start with collective nouns.
We use collective nouns to refer to a group of
individuals.
In American English, collective nouns are singular. For
example, staff refers to a group of employees; band
refers to a group of musicians; team refers to a group
of athletes. Americans would say, “The band is good.”
But in British English, collective nouns can be singular
or plural. You might hear someone from Britain say, “The
team are playing tonight” or “The team is playing
tonight.”
Auxiliary verbs
Another grammar difference between American and British
English relates to auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs,
also known as helping verbs, are verbs that help form a
grammatical function. They “help” the main verb by
adding information about time, modality and voice.
Let’s look at the auxiliary verb shall. Brits sometimes
use shall to express the future.
For example, “I shall go home now.” Americans know what
shall means, but rarely use it in conversation. It seems
very formal. Americans would probably use “I will go
home now.”
In question form, a Brit might say, “Shall we go now?”
while an American would probably say, “Should we go
now?”
When Americans want to express a lack of obligation,
they use the helping verb do with negative not followed
by need. “You do not need to come to work today.” Brits
drop the helping verb and contract not. “You needn’t
come to work today.”
Past tense verbs
You will also find some small differences with past
forms of irregular verbs.
The past tense of learn in American English is learned.
British English has the option of learned or learnt. The
same rule applies to dreamed and dreamt, burned and
burnt, leaned and leant.
Americans tend to use the –ed ending; Brits tend to use
the -t ending.
In the past participle form, Americans tend to use the
–en ending for some irregular verbs. For example, an
American might say, “I have never gotten caught” whereas
a Brit would say, “I have never got caught.” Americans
use both got and gotten in the past participle. Brits
only use got.
Don’t worry too much about these small differences in
the past forms of irregular verbs. People in both
countries can easily understand both ways, although
Brits tend to think of the American way as incorrect.
Tag questions
A tag question is a grammatical form that turns a
statement into a question. For example, “The whole
situation is unfortunate, isn’t it?” or, “You don’t like
him, do you?”
The tag includes a pronoun and its matching form of the
verb be, have or do. Tag questions encourage people to
respond and agree with the speaker. Americans use tag
questions, too, but less often than Brits. You can learn
more about tag questions on a previous episode of
Everyday Grammar.
Spelling
There are hundreds of minor spelling differences between
British and American English. You can thank American
lexicographer Noah Webster for this. You might recognize
Webster’s name from the dictionary that carries his
name.
Noah Webster, an author, politician, and teacher,
started an effort to reform English spelling in the late
1700s.
He was frustrated by the inconsistencies in English
spelling. Webster wanted to spell words the way they
sounded. Spelling reform was also a way for America to
show its independence from England.
You can see Webster’s legacy in the American spelling of
words like color (from colour), honor (from honour), and
labor (from labour). Webster dropped the letter u from
these words to make the spelling match the
pronunciation.
Other Webster ideas failed, like a proposal to spell
women as wimmen. Since Webster’s death in 1843, attempts
to change spelling rules in American English have gone
nowhere.
Not so different after all
British and American English have far more similarities
than differences. We think the difference between
American and British English is often exaggerated. If
you can understand one style, you should be able to
understand the other style.
With the exception of some regional dialects, most Brits
and Americans can understand each other without too much
difficulty. They watch each other’s TV shows, sing each
other’s songs, and read each other’s books.
They even make fun of each other’s accents.
I’m Jill Robbins.
And I’m John Russell.
And I'm Claudia Milne.
Adam Brock wrote this article for VOA Learning English. |
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Words in This Story |
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collective noun – n.
a word which refers to a collection of things taken
as a whole
- auxiliary
verb – n. a word
used in construction with and preceding certain
forms of other verbs, as infinitives or participles,
to express distinctions of tense, aspect, mood, etc
- modality
– n. expressing
ability, necessity, possibility, permission or
obligation
-
lexicographer – n.
someone who writes dictionaries
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inconsistency – n.
the quality or fact of not staying the same at
different times
-
exaggerate – v.
to think of or describe something as larger or
greater than it really is
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